SMFM Fetal Anomalies Consult Series #4: Genitourinary anomalies
SMFM, ME Norton, Y Cheng, S Chetty, JK Chyu, K Connolly, N Ghaffari, LM Hopkins, A Jelin, A Mardy, SS Osmundson, TN Sparks, J Sperling, K Swanson, LC Zuckerwise, JA Kuller2021
Abnormalities of the genitourinary system are among the most common fetal structural malformations. Such anomalies range from mild (eg, mild urinary tract dilation) to severe life-threatening anomalies (eg, bilateral renal agenesis).
This consult series reviews the ultrasonographic diagnosis, genetic evaluation, and potential treatment and outcome of the following genitourinary abnormalities:
- adrenal neuroblastoma
- autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- bladder outlet obstruction
- duplicated collecting system
- ectopic ureterocele
- hydroureter
- hypospadias
- multicystic dysplastic kidney
- ovarian cyst
- pelvic kidney
- renal agenesis
- renal pelvic dilation
- urinoma